Terrorism Provocation toward the Enemies - 734 Words

Terrorism is fundamentally propaganda, in most cases it is a very bloody form of propaganda. The perpetrators of a terrorist act declare what their objective was, their declaration of the act should carry credibility, no matter what one thinks of the objective or the method used to achieve it. The difficulty lies in the definition of â€Å"terrorism† over the years it has been difficult to define into one definition, therefore the term is broadly used. The word traditionally conveys the political meaning, the deliberate use of violence against civilians and property to intimidate or coerce a government or the population in overreacting and engaging the terrorist. One question not fully understood, why does the terrorist tend to provoke their opposition with their terrorist acts. This provocation mostly has to do with propaganda in support of the terrorists’ objective and agenda. It is a means for the terrorist group to know if their object is making any impact. I t is impossible to answer the question of whether terrorism works unless you know what the goal of the terrorist group is striving for. Terrorist individuals or groups have primary and secondary motives. Their primary motives may be to achieve independence or withdrawal by nationalist groups or the replacement of the worldly law with religious law by religious groups. Terrorist group’s primary motives are generally not common among the groups but their secondary motives are common among all types ofShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Hamas: Violent Terrorism as Political Strategy3882 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿Understanding Hamas: Violent Terrorism as Political Strategy Introduction Kydd and Walter (2006:50) assert that violent terrorism is effective as a political strategy because it causes governments and individuals to respond in ways that aid the terrorists cause. For Hamas, violence against civilians for political aims does play a role in its political strategy. However, violence in and of itself is not the ultimate aim of the organization. Formed in 1987 during the Palestinian uprising (theRead MoreThe French Of Political Provocation945 Words   |  4 PagesNechaev’s idea of political provocation was to anticipate the Russian government’s response and use the response in order to radicalize people. For example he sent letters to people, knowing that they would be intercepted and those to whom the letters were addressed to would be thrown in jail. In jail people would either break, which were exactly the kind of people Nechaev did not want, or they would harder and become radicalized. By committing an act and anticipating the overreaction of the governmentRead MoreUnited States Logic Behind Multilateral Peace Building Strategies3030 Words   |  13 Pagessuch as the UN can impose extensive economic sanctions and deploy their military forces in order to end a war by vastly increasing its costs. Regulated by an international police force, states are more inclined to accept peace, bargain with their enemies, and stay loyal to their word. This is not the case with domestic disputes. Opposite to international conflict, when a settlement is reached between two groups in a civil war, the maintenance of their two distinct armies is impossible. A disarmamentRead MoreAttack on the Marine Corps Barracks in Beirut1603 Words   |  6 Pages if led people like Osama bin Laden to †¦conclude that when America gets its nose bloodied, it pulls back (Hampson, p. 1). Previous to this attack the Cold War era was a time when the greatest enemy of the U.S. was Soviet communism; but following the attack, there were new and extremely da ngerous enemies such as al Qaeda, Hezbollah, the Taliban and Iran, Hampson continues. This paper reviews the reasons for the U.S. presence in Beirut, the tensions in Lebanon, the Cold War influence, the aftermathRead More3. Counter-Terrorism Strategies Reveal the Limits of Human Rights as a Cosmopolitan Discourse in the Age of Global Terror. Discuss.3315 Words   |  14 Pagescommunity. It is through this that human rights were able to be changed and recognised as a standard for global order, regulated through international law. The act of terrorism is not a new concept, and has been responsible for many innocent lives over many years, however not until the attacks on the United States, known as 9/11, has terrorism become such a globalized issue. It was through the symbolic destruction of capitalism, coupled with the vast media outlets to create witnesses that allowed for WesternRead MoreState Sponsor Terrorism Case Study1986 Words   |  8 Pagesthat State Sponsor Terrorism (SST), the United States has several different ways it combats and handles these rogue natio ns, mostly through the use of sanctions. One country that has become a repeat offender of sponsoring terrorism is Iran. Since the 1979 Islamic revolution, Iran’s clerical leadership has worked with a range of terrorist groups to advance its own overall interests in the Middle East and abroad (Byman, #2, 2015, Pg.1). Over thirty years later, this use of terrorism has continued andRead MoreThe War On Terror : Terrorism2256 Words   |  10 Pagesintent, is a series of initiatives that seek to reduce or eliminate terrorism in the world. In this perspective, terrorism is the deliberate exploitation and creation of fear through threat and violence (Kugiel 16-17). This essay seeks to present an argument that the war on terror was not worth it. In order to justify whether the war on terror is worth it or not, it is vital to understand if the war on terror compels or deters terrorism. Deterrence refers to the threat of force perpetrated to preventRead MoreIs There a Fundamental Difference between Religious Terrorism and Secular Terrorism?3859 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Is there a fundamental difference between religious terrorism and secular terrorism? Introduction Terrorism has existed as long ago as classical times although its modern counterpart has appeared during the French Revolution with Montesquieus Reign of Terror. More recently, terrorism has assumed a new guise with much of its deeds perpetrated in the name of religion. Although religious terrorism is popularly associated with Islamism, it is not necessarily so. Almost all religions have startedRead MoreCovert Operations During World War II1719 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful covert operations at the time of its completion. Its mission was to overthrow the democratically elected leader of Iran, Mohammad Mossadegh, and replace him with a pro-western shah. This operation utilized many tactics, including: propaganda, provocations, demonstrations, bribery, â€Å"false flag† operatives, dissident military leaders, and paid protestors (Robarge). Naturally, these tactics were all funded by the CIA. With no mandated accountability to the American public and the ability to classifyRea d MoreEssay The Arab Israeli Conflict2107 Words   |  9 PagesPalestinians and the Israelis, but two of the most important to examine in great depth is the Creation of Israel in 1948, and the Six Day War in 1967. Both events have contributed to the four main barriers to peace, which I will explain towards the end of my coursework, and have changed the leadership, land ownership and status of the Israelis in particular to todays crisis. By the year of 1948, the Second World War had been over for just under three years, but the effects

Invasion of the Body Snatchers Essay examples - 956 Words

In the 1956 film Invasion of the Body Snatchers, the birth of something horrifying takes place in Santa Mira, California. Dr. Bennell and Becky are two long lost loves from their youth and are reunited after years of no contact. Upon returning from a business trip Dr. Bennell notices odd occurances that start unraveling before him. After a few instances of strange behavior among Dr.Bennells patients begin to take place he quickly becomes aware of an imminent epidemic spreading through the town. The parallels between the theme of the film and rising fears of communism and related topics of concern during that time are captivating. Communism was an ideology originating in the Soviet Union with the ideas of establishing a†¦show more content†¦It wasnt until he began to see for himself the body casts of his friends and loved ones in transformation that he began to believe it himself. At first the pod developed itself inside of a greenhouse, it then proceed to create human figures that looked exactly as the people of the town. Once the look alike has formed completely, the real human that the pod would take over must fall asleep in order for their body and mind to be possessed. Once possessed, there is a drastic change in movement, emotion, and speech. The pod is just a body that needs to survive and will do whatever it takes in order to exitcute its main objective. The same went for the rising fear of Communism moving in. It started like a seed blowing in the wind, as referred to beginning form of pods in Body Snatchers. Those small seeds turned into larger pods and the hub of fear, the mother ship was represented by the large seething plant producing carbon copies of the humans they intended on taking over. This was the view of so many of what would happen if Americans did not hold tight and secure to their capitalist roots. Capitalism is the ideology of a market economy, where most production and forms of the economic system were privately owned. There was an idea of liberty and freedom that went along with the ideologies of capitalism which sent rushes of fear to the possibility of what the U.S.s understanding was of the absoluteShow MoreRelatedInvasion Of The Body Snatchers1808 Words   |  8 PagesSavannah Dye Short Essay #3 October 18, 2016 Invasion of the Marriage Police Invasion of the Body Snatchers is widely dubbed an anti-Communist film by those who have seen it. The plot of the movie is that unfamiliar, extraterrestrial â€Å"body snatchers† are taking over the bodies of people in a small town in California while they sleep, and replacing them with clones that lack emotion. For the most part, a general consensus has been reached that the mass hysteria about the â€Å"pod people† in the filmRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The United States1603 Words   |  7 Pagesespionage during the Red Scare and finally to nuclear war and continuous conflicts between the two superpowers during the mid 1960s. The Invasion of the Body Snatchers captures the American sentiment towards communism in the late 1950s. As a film made in the Hollywood blacklist era, the sci-fi horror story follows a doctor from California who discovers the invasion of alien plant spores from space which grow into large pods that can reproduce an exact copy of a human without emotion. These pods displayRead MoreThe Cold War Between East And West From The End Of The Ussr Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagespropaganda machine used mainly for denunciation purposes secured the box office a chief function in the Cold War. A multitude of films were introduced with varying dimensions on the same topic. â€Å"The Iron Curtain’(1948) along with â€Å"The Invasion of The Body Snatchers†(1956) and â€Å"The Witch Hunt†(1994) were amongst films which proliferated during the period. The influence of the house of Anti-American Activities (1938) under President Truman and the Era of McCarthyism (1950s) slowly morphed intoRead MoreThe Science Fiction Film Genre Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe science-fiction film genre serves as an excellent medium for examining shifting power structures, social paranoia and Cold War politics during the 1950s. A number of films released during this period, including: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Them (1954) and Attack of the 50ft Woman (1958), are particularly symptomatic of the social and political atmosphere of the time. These films navigate not only narrative based issues such as the threat of aliensRead MoreThe Influence of Science Fiction1059 Words   |  5 Pagesparanoia and fears. Their paranoia was perpetuated by their fear of invasion and espionage, the fear of radiation and the fear of social change. Many of the films produced used the science fiction genre to dig deep er into these fears without frightening the audiences off from their political message. Even though the United States and the Allies won World War II, there was paranoia about Communism including the fear of invasion by the Soviet Union and China. This fear came from the Cold War andRead MoreThe Content Of The Cult Film They Live2044 Words   |  9 Pagesstate of false consciousness’’ (Rayner and Wall, 2004:79) and this is applicable to They Live as there are a series of tropes that Carpenter utilizes in the film. Firstly, the films structure, which is similar to that of Invasion of the Body Snatchers (Invasion of The Body Snatchers, 1957), where otherworldly beings live among us, remaining incognito and running our reality in which humanity is enslaved. This can also be interpreted in the original short story. Class antagonism also plays a large partRead More Stephen King Essay768 Words   |  4 Pagesthen that King sensed for the first time â€Å"a useful connection between the world of fantasy and that of what my Weekly Reader used to call current events.† Eventually, countless viewings over the years of such classic horror films as The Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The Creature from the Black Lagoon, The Thing, and It came from Outer Space convinced him that the horror movie’s chief value is â€Å"its ability to form a liaison between our fantasy fears and our real fears.† The fortunate discoveryRead MoreThe War Against The Soviet War854 Words   |  4 Pageswould depict the dangers of communism and highlight the virtues of democracy. These films were made and released to the public as anti-communist propaganda, keeping American citizens anxious and firmly against communism. Movies such as ‘Invasion of the Body Snatchers’ (1956) and ‘Red Planet Mars’ (1952) conveyed much the same message despite hiding behind science fiction; the aliens in these movies were used as metaphors for communism that displayed hive minds with the ultimate goal of slowly but surelyRead More Facing Our Fears in Science Fiction Essay3400 Words   |  14 Pageson paranoia. Families built bomb shelters in their backyards and schools held air raid drills for their children. Science fiction thrived on society’s fear, with films such as The Day the Earth Stood Still, The War of the Worlds, and Invasion of the Body Snatchers. In these films, along with their numerous brethren, the alien invaders were â€Å"often a metaphor for Communism† (Dirks). The Day the Earth Stood Still was an early warning to the world, and a commentary on paranoid society whenRead MoreCodes and Conventions of Genres Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesconflict between us and them and the positive or negative aspects of science and the future. Many of the science fiction films made in America during the 1950s - It became from Beneath the Sea (1955), The invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) featured invasion by aliens. The portrayal enabled people of those eras to construct more modern and futuristic views to the world. The films set standards for the iconography of the 1980s and 1990s science fiction films

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Free Essays

Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) is the term used to describe the capability to present bills to customers and to facilitate their payment by electronic means. EBPP offers the opportunity to eliminate the costs associated with printing paper bills, reduce delivery delays and provide a channel for two way communication between suppliers and their customers on a one-to-one basis. From the customers’ perspective, EBPP can provide a simple way to manage and automate the payment of bills. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment or any similar topic only for you Order Now EBPP Models There are five main types of EBPP service provided: 1.The Biller Direct Model in which billers provide their bills on their respective personalized web sites. 2.The Consolidator Model in which service providers allow customers to access and process bills from multiple billers. Within the consolidator model there are several sub-models these include: a)The Consolidator – Thin Client Model provides a site to which billers send their invoices for the customer to view at their leisure. Information at this site is summarized and the customer must visit the billers personal site to examine their bills in detail. b)The Consolidator – Thick Client Model provides billers with a site that host all the billers information. In this model paper bill scanning is not supported. c)The Customer Consolidator Model follows the same blueprint as the thick consolidator model but accepts both electronic and paper scanned bills offering the capability of viewing any bill online. The theory behind this model is that it will attract as many customers as possible in the short term and then streamline to purely electronic methods in the long term. d)The Consolidator Portal Model is a thin client consolidator model but hosted through a popular portal site, such as Yahoo. e)The Financial Institution Model like the portal model acts as a hosting site for consolidated bills. As the bills are placed on the customers bank site payment processing is speeded up while customer affinity with bill payment and banks strengthens consumer acquiescence. 3.The Consumer Centric Aggregator Model. Similar to the consolidator models yet different enough to be considered a separate EBPP approach. The CCA model shares many affinities with the banking consolidator model where billers send their invoices to the CCA site, rather than the consumer, and are paid directly from the site. The approach is equivalent in principle to Direct Debit payments in the UK. 4.The Email Based Model. In this model detailed invoices containing rich text graphics are sent to the customer then linked back to sites for online payment or detailed bill viewing. The medium may include intrusive direct marketing messages. 5.The Service Bureau Model. This model type is a new development in the world of EBPP and facilitates connection to large-scale consolidators for SME companies. In essence the Service Bureau manages its customers needs and offers an ASP model of EBPP. How to cite Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment, Essay examples

Schizophrenia Case Study free essay sample

She was transferred to a medical floor, where she was treated with warfarin and coumadin until her INR levels reached a normal range of 2. 4. She has since been transferred back to the inpatient psychiatry service for continued treatment of her psychosis. She has been treated for bipolar, anxiety and OCD. She has history of attending marriage counseling with her husband. M. has a history of chronic back pain that caused her to take leave from her job as a librarian. She has been unemployed for two years. Her pain was initially treated with opiod painkillers, which she later became addicted to. She attended rehab in 2008 and completed detox from opioid painkillers. She attributes her recent exacerbation of anxiety to an increase in her back pain. The current episode of paranoia and delusions that caused her to seek treatment on 9/11 is new for her. Nursing Focus My overall impression was that she seemed anxious, apprehensive and highly fearful. We will write a custom essay sample on Schizophrenia Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The immediate priorities for her nursing care are environmental/physical safety nutrition/fluid intake, and psychosis symptom anagement. Once these are stabilized, we can move into working at acknowledging and normalizing her fear as well as identifying how she can develop new effective coping strategies. Epidemiology According to the WHO World Health Report 2007 depression is very common and considered one of the oldest clinical mood disorders responsible for morbidity worldwide. Approximately 20. 9 million American adults aged 18 or over experience depression at some point in their lifetime. Major Depression is the leading cause of disability in the United States for ages 15-44 (WHO, 2007. It affects men women and children worldwide, while crossing all cultural and socioeconomic groups. Men are at lower lifetime risk for experiencing a major depression, 7-12% compared to women, 20-30% (Stuart, 2012, p. 291). Pathophysiology Depression is caused by multifaceted exchange between bio logy, psychological and sociological factors. A few different models define this dynamic. The biopsychosocial model explains depression through the interplay of biological, psychological and social factors which combine and together are responsible for causing depression. The stress model specifies that some people have preexisting genetic vulnerability, or tendency, towards depression that is activated by stressful life events. The Monamine Hypothesis suggests that depressed people have overproduction of the enzyme MAO-A which causes lower levels of monoamines (Porth 1371). Most agree that brain chemistry plays a significant role in depression as evidenced by neurological changes seen on the brains of depressed people. PET and MRI scans have shown a reduction in gray matter and decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex (Porth 1371).

Hunting and Gathering vs Sedentary Living Essay Example

Hunting and Gathering vs Sedentary Living Essay Gathering and Hunting Vs. Sedentary Living There are many events in the past that changed the course of history. The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution marked the transition between gathering and hunting to sedentary lifestyles. There were benefits to this change that have lasted until societies today. As well as benefits, there were also costs that effected people’s lives. The role of men and women shifted and things were slowly started changing to a world that is much like society today. Moving from gathering and hunting to sedentary living had its advantages. One of the advantages was the increase in their writing system. Writing was needed to keep track of the new flow of records coming in. As civilizations began to grow and thrive more people needed to be accounted for and these records needed to be recorded. It got to the point where the prehistoric pictures and murals weren’t enough. The civilians used symbols to account for the needs of the town. The creation of writing is beneficial also because it makes it possible for societies today to be aware and knowledgeable of the way that life was before them. It was also possible for laws to be set for the town’s people to see, and abide by them. One example of this is Hammurabi’s Code. We will write a custom essay sample on Hunting and Gathering vs Sedentary Living specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hunting and Gathering vs Sedentary Living specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hunting and Gathering vs Sedentary Living specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hammurabi’s Code was posted in the town and people were able to access it. The code set up rules for an ordered society. An ordered society was beneficial because since people were now becoming settled, there were new interactions that were unusual people didn’t know how to act around these situations. â€Å"Law codes give us an idea of a people’s sense of justice and notions of code† (Reilly 58). It also shows us how past societies, especially early civilizations lived their daily lives and kept order. There were other benefits of transitioning to a sedentary lifestyle such as the creation of centralized governments. Creating these governments along with the codes enforced order in the society and ensured the safety of the citizens. Another benefit was the creation of irrigation systems and farming. Farming is an imperative need to societies. People get their produce from farming. The creation of the irrigation system helped transfer the water from the surrounding rivers to the town so that they can farm crops. Also, the creation of stone tools helped make it easier to tend these crops. These tools also helped weave clothing and other needs for the new civilizations. The development of farming also was useful for domestication. By the villagers having an ordered way of growing and collecting food, the animals got drawn to the crops so they are easier to capture and tame. Farming also led to people settling down. People no longer had to go elsewhere to look for crops and herbds because they grew them in the community. Along with benefits, there were costs to moving to a sedentary lifestyle. For example, it changed people’s lifestyles. As gatherers, people were able to move freely and do as they please. There was nobody to tell them what to do such as leaders and tyrants. Once civilizations started to form everything had to be in order so there were changes. People were being told what to do and they suddenly didn’t have the opportunity to be nomads. This made it hard to adjust to third new society. As shown in the movie N! ai, the Story of a ! Kung Woman, this led to sickness in the village. People were dying left and right. Settling down also led to the introduction of slavery. People were set into social classes and people of the lower class were forced to do the labor that the upper-class didn’t want to do. Slavery was not here when there were Hunter- Gatherers because one more hand meant one more mouth to feed. They did things for themselves. There were also issues of social class. Citizens were classified by their occupation and what they could bring to the community. The commoners or lower class people with the less respected jobs ere always treated differently no matter what it was. With this shift in society also came the change of the status of men and women. Before settlement women held power and respect. People respected them because they were responsible for the farming which was the main way of acquiring food aside from hunting. Men and females were fairly equal in part. After settlement, the role of a female slowly began to digress and men became more powerful. In Mesopotamia as early as 2300 BCE inscriptions for ‘slave girl’ appear earlier than those translating as ‘slave male† (Reilly 31). There was also a high demand for female slaves as opposed to male slaves. In Marjorie Shostak’s Nisa: The Life and Words of a ! Kung Woman, she revealed how women weren’t able to speak their mind above a man. Men had final sa y in decisions and women were just there to back it up. Also young females were forced into marriage by their parents, but as mentioned before, the male parental figure would make the final decisions. In conclusion, the shift from a nomadic lifestyle to settled lifestyles has shown great change in the way that things were ran. The primary and secondary accounts listed in this essay helped readers see the emphasis that this change has on society today. There were sacrifices that people had to make in order to accommodate these changes. Even though one of these sacrifices had to be things such as equality of the sexes, this change still has marked something greater; a gateway for the development of future societies.

Work Stress and Its Effects on Individuals

Work Stress and Its Effects on Individuals Introduction This paper aims to discuss such phenomenon as work stress and its effects on individuals and organizations. Overall, there are numerous definitions of this disorder; I would like to adopt the explanation provided by World Health Organization; it says that work stress is a negative emotional and physical response which is caused by the fact that a person cannot meet job demands, or thinks that he/she cannot cope with his/her work duties (WHO, as cited in Drenth et al, 1998, p 397).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work Stress and Its Effects on Individuals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This condition is normally accompanied by such symptoms as irritability, depression, the feeling of dissatisfaction, depression or even heart diseases (NIOSH, 2010, unpaged). In some cases, job stress can lead to aggression and violence toward others (co-workers, family members, and even completely unknown people). Manage rs of leading companies have long realized that this phenomenon is dangerous to both employees and companies, and one of their priorities is to remove the causes of work stress and or at least minimize its aftereffects. These are the most important questions that we need to analyze in this paper. The causes and effects of work stress The factors, leading to work stress In order to eliminate stressful situations in the workplace, one should first examine their underlying causes. At the moment, both scholars and managers concur that it is connected with the personal traits of an employee, and with the managerial policies, established within the company. One of the reasons why people can suffer from work stress is inadequate level of self-esteem (Resnick, 2004, p 15). For example, a person, who has a low level of self-esteem, usually regards any workplace problem as a sign of his/her inaptitude and inability to live up to the employer’s expectations. Normally, such people experi ence extreme feeling of anxiety or depression which may eventually culminate into a nervous breakdown. There is also a reverse side of this coin, and it is high level of self-esteem. As a rule, these individuals believe that the senior management is biased against them and criticizes them unjustly. For them, any managerial criticism is a personal offence. Excessive perfectionism is another character trait greatly contributes to work stress because a person, who usually sets high standards for himself, is more vulnerable to workplace stress. The thing is that such individuals usually dedicate too much time to some minor details that are not very relevant to their immediate duties, while their overall productivity remains at the same level (Corveleyn et al, 2005, p 116).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, when they do not receive credit for their perfection ism, they begin to think that they are undervalued by the managers. When speaking about individual sources of work stress, we should also mention poor relations with family members and friends, health problems, sleep deprivation and so forth. They do not directly trigger aggression, violence or the feeling of anxiety, but they intensify the impact of any stress situation. However, the cause of work stress should also be sought in the organizational and managerial policies of the organization, itself. These organizational factors are as follows: High turnover in the organization that leads to the feeling of job insecurity, which is widespread among people with low level of self-esteem; Lack of recognition and reward, in other words, the management does not notice or appreciate the efforts of the employees and their achievements; Continuous overtime that leads to fatigue and depression; Inability to participate in decision-making; 5) cognitive overload or the necessity to think about different assignments at the same time (Barling et al 2005). Therefore, this discussion indicates that the management of stressful situation in the workplace requires joint collaboration of management and employers. The effects of work stress In the introduction we have already touched upon physical and psychological impacts of work stress, such as excessive irritability, aggression towards co-workers and relatives, the feeling of discontent, insomnia, or heart diseases (NIOSH, 2010, unpaged). It should also be mentioned that such a person normally alienates oneself from his colleagues whom he regards primarily as rivals or even enemies (Barling et al, 2005). It should be borne in mind that such alienation can last for a very long time, and the actual outburst of anger or aggression very suddenly. Usually, it is provoked by some minor problem that can be quickly dealt with, for instance, malfunctioning of office computer, traffic jam, or some minor reprimand of the senior manageme nt. These irritants can a profound effect on the employee, suffering from job stress, though under normal circumstances, they would stir little or no reaction. It stands to reason that the productivity of these people declines either in terms of quantity or in quality (Barling et al, 2005). One has to bear in mind that their attitude toward workplace duties differs significantly, for instance, some employees try to follow managers’ instructions to the letter; however, they lack any initiative. The thing is that they are too reluctant to take any responsibility due to the fear of losing one’s job. Very often, the employees try to rush through the work in order to complete each of their assignments as quickly as possible and as a result, the quality of their work deteriorates. The organizations, in which stress situation occur on a regular basis, have to cope with a great variety of challenges. One of them is poor teamwork as the employees, who suffer from this stress, a re disinclined to help others or take part in brainstorming.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work Stress and Its Effects on Individuals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another issue, faced by the management of such organizations is poor customer service. The thing is that individuals, suffering from work stress, can be irritated by any complaint of the customer, even a small one. As we have pointed out before, these people are either afraid of taking any responsibility due to the fear of losing one’s job, or they can be negligent to their duties because of continuous overwork. Both these attitudes are equally harmful for the functioning of customer service. It would not be an exaggeration to say that such companies cannot reach their strategic and short-term objectives. In the majority of cases, their financial and operational performance leaves much to be desired. Again, we have to stress an idea that the s olution of this problem requires much effort from both employees and management. Ways of managing stress in the workplace At this point, we need to map out strategies of managing workplace; at first we need to describe how the employees should behave in order to avoid mental, emotional and physical strain. It is of the crucial importance that they maintain positive attitude toward the management and colleagues (Stranks, 2005, p 76). They should not view them as their enemies or someone who deliberately does harm to them; otherwise they will conjure monsters out of thin air. They must understand that a good employer is interested in the retention of experienced workers. This is the reason why the employees should not be afraid of airing their opinions and complaints to the senior managers. In the majority of cases, a good executive officer is always willing to keep employees satisfied, and he/she will always pay attention to their needs. A person, who feels some sort of strain, shoul d at least talk to the manager and there is great likelihood that his concerns will be addressed. Unfortunately, many people avoid doing it in effort to look independent, self-sufficient, and strong. Getting enough sleep is also important element of preventing work stress because sleep deprivation results in irritability and attention deficit (Stranks, 2005, p 80). Overall, a person should get at least seven hours of sleep to be productive at the workplace. Apart from that, one should not underestimate the importance of keeping appropriate diet. These recommendations may appear to be truisms but a great number of people forget about them. In order to become an efficient employee, who can effectively overcome stress situations, a person should always spare a certain amount of time for his/her own needs that are entirely unrelated to the workplace duties.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The thing is that an individual, who does not do that, usually feels as though work were the only purpose of his existence, and this is certainly very depressing. Finally, one should re-evaluate one’s self-esteem and self-efficacy as sometimes people underrate their skills and competencies and think that they are performing poorly. Still, without active support of the management even the most balanced and even-tempered individual can reach the breaking point. In their turn, the managers need to develop appropriate schedule and set reasonable timelines so that the employees did not have to continuously work overtime. Secondly, they need to clearly define the duties and responsibilities of the subordinates. As it has been noted before, cognitive overload is one of the leading causes of job stress. A person, who has to think about a great number of things at a time, inevitably feels emotional and mental strain. This is one of things, which managers neglect due to some reason. Th e development of new remuneration system is also an important part of work stress management. Senior officers must remember that virtually every employee needs to feel that he/she is being valued by the company, and that his/her successes and contributions do not go unnoticed. More importantly, it is not always necessary to increase the amount of monetary compensation, paid to the worker. In many cases, non-monetary awards can also be very effective (Mathis Jackson, 2007). For instance, the managers can present well-performing employees with brand products, provide them with opportunities for career development, or simply praise them, when they do deserve the praise. Our general recommendation to the managers is to be more attentive to the needs of their behavior of their subordinates because work stress can be avoided or detected even at an early stage. Thus, it is possible for us to argue that sensitivity is one of the qualities the manager should possess in order to minimize wor k stress. Conclusion Job stress that poses so many threats to individuals and organizations originates from the inability or unwillingness of the management and employees to communicate with one another. Certainly, there are other causes of this phenomenon like the structure of the company, economic situation in the country, family, and health problems. Nonetheless, lack of communication is the major factor: people, who seldom even talk to their colleagues, managers, or subordinates, usually do not think highly of others. Finally, we should say that fear of expressing one’s opinions, concerns and emotions also leads to work stress. References Barling J. Kelloway, E, Frone M. 2005. Handbook of work stress. London: Sage. Corveleyn. J. Luyten, P. Blatt. S. 2005 The theory and treatment of depression: towards a dynamic interactionism model. London: Routledge. Drenth. P J. Thierry H. Wolff C. 1998. Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology: Personnel psychology. NY: Psycho logy Press. Mathis. R. Jackson. J. 2007. Human resource management. NY: Cengage Learning. National Institute of Occupational Safety. 2010. Work Organization and Stress-Related Disorders. Web. Resnick B. 2004. Restorative care nursing for older adults: a guide for all care settings. NJ: Springer Publishing Company. Stranks, J. 2005 Stress at work: management and prevention. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Situational analysis for UNICEF Supply Division Assignment

Situational analysis for UNICEF Supply Division - Assignment Example Rather than seeking to treat the myriad of illnesses that contribute to diarrhea and/or dehydration, the better approach would be to find a way to treat the symptoms to greatly reduce the risk that death or serious injury to the patient will occur. Due to the high number of shareholders that any and all UNICEF programs ultimately reach, a prime determinate that is always engaged is the necessity to keep costs down per patient and per treatment. As a function of this, oral rehydration salts have proven to be an effective means of countering the negative effects of diarrhea and the dehydration and death that it can ultimately cause. Furthermore, the utilization of oral rehydration salts (ORS) is one of the most cost effective means of treatment that exists. In such a way, the reader can and should understand that ORS, when purchased and applied to affected communities in bulk can cost but a few dollars per application. This determinant is extremely important as it must be considered wi thin the context of how UNICEF divides and utilizes a limited budget that has many other health goals that are clamoring for attention. As a function of the needs that are represented within the environment, the realities of the marketplace, the overall cost of application of such a means of treatment, and the positioning that such a utilization would infer, this analysis will seek to draw an inference based upon these determinants. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are one of the few medical treatments that have changed little since their introduction. Preliminary application of ORS has been traced as far back as the year 1500 BC in India. However, the use and application of ORS within the current era has continued to develop as medical science and an understanding how the body responds to dehydration treatments has grown. According to the recent formula released by UNICEF, ORS can and should consist of the following: sodium chloride, anhydrous glucose, potassium chloride, trisodium cit rate, and dehydrate. What is unique about each of these ingredients is the fact that they are readily available and of an extremely low cost in almost each and every nation or state that they might be utilized within. This represents an extreme advantage for such a treatment due to the fact that further application and support of such an endeavor will meant that UNICEF will be able to accomplish a great deal of good with limited investment. Such opportunities fit perfectly into the underlying goals and mission that UNICEF seeks to support. Although there are many world health issues that UNICEF integrates with and seeks to provide amelioration for, this particular issue is one that a relatively low investment could seek to fully cover (Walker et al, 2009). Furthermore, as a function of the low cost of treatment that this remediation represents, there will be few supply and demand issues that will impact negatively on the overall availability or cost. This is not to say that swings i n the global pharmaceutical market will not affect ORS and its application; however, it is safe to assume that as a function of the simplicity of the formula which has been elaborated upon that any demand or supply swings will have a minimal affect on the pricing structure that will be realized within the market (About the Commission, 2011). An Overview of the Commodity Market Furthermore, as has been briefly elaborated upon